Vitamin C: Helps to protect against future UVA and UVB sun damage by neutralizing free radicals. Helps to minimize the appearance of existing photo-damage. Helps to alleviate skin inflammation.
Vitamin E: Helps to neutralizes free radicals . Helps protect against UV damage and promotes healing. 
Ferulic acid: Found naturally in the seeds of some fruits, vegetables, nuts and grains, it offers anti-aging benefits by combating free radical damage.
Aqua / Water / Eau, Ethoxydiglycol, Ascorbic Acid, Glycerin, Propylene Glycol, Laureth-23, Phenoxyethanol, Tocopherol, Triethanolamine, Ferulic Acid, Panthenol, Sodium Hyaluronate

The formula works at a very low, acidic pH — essential for L-Ascorbic Acid to penetrate skin effectively. Applying it to wet or damp skin dilutes the formula and raises the pH, reducing efficacy. Always apply to completely dry skin after cleansing.

No — antioxidants and SPF are complementary, not interchangeable. SPF blocks UV rays before they reach the skin. Antioxidants neutralise the free radicals that UV and pollution generate despite SPF — including those that penetrate through the filter. Both are essential for comprehensive photoprotection.

Yes — tested suitable for normal, dry and sensitive skin. The formula is fragrance-free, paraben-free and dye-free. Some initial tingling on first application is normal given the low pH — this typically reduces as the skin adapts within a few days.